Downvoting seems to be a rather popular activity on MSE. In the few informal discussions I have seen there seems to be a base of support for this, and also for the preservation of (optional) anonymity for users of the feature. I am happy with this state of affairs, but I think it would be useful for each user to have a publicly visible index representing the function $$f_{:-(}:MSE \to $\mathbb{Q} \cap [-1,+1]$$ defined by: $$f_{:-(}(user) = \frac{upvotes-downvotes}{upvotes+downvotes}$$
This would preserve anonymity for individual votes, whilst ensuring that those who contribute most to the site by casting downvotes are given the recognition they deserve.
added: This function is defined in terms of the votes cast by a particular user. There is a dual function $f*$ which has the same definition, but is computed on the basis of the votes received by the user in question.
added: I notice that after only 3 minutes and four views that this question has already received an anonymous downvote. This indicates the great importance of the downvoting activity as a stimulus to useful discussion.