Are mathematical errors in an answer that is otherwise reasonable and on-topic ever a sufficient reason for users (other than the answer-author) to delete that answer?
For a recent answer, the author might still delete or repair it on their own or in response to comments, given enough time to realize the error and consider a correction. In this case it seems better that only the author should delete an answer, no matter how wrong the contents.
For old answers that are severely wrong, I expect there will be some debate but personally I do not see any additional sufficient reason. Maybe there could be some exceptional situations where the Q and A are from deleted users, the answer is unique or accepted, and other questions are closed as duplicates of the wrongly-answered question. For the generic case, the ability to downvote, comment and to post other answers seems (to me) a sufficient quality control mechanism.
Addendum. From earlier discussions it appears that
moderators do not delete flagged answers only for being incorrect. 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
the Low Quality post review queues were never intended for answer deletions based (only) on the content being incorrect. This was the understanding from StackOverflow/Stackexchange and there has always been the same consensus on this meta. a, b, c, d, e