I asked this question a week ago, and it quickly drew critical comments which were upvoted. I felt that the concern expressed in those comments had been addressed in the body of the question, and tried to elaborate on that, but there was no direct response to what I said and the question has not received any answers.
While no-one has publicly voted to close, that could just be because no-one with the power to do so has noticed its existence. [Edit: my mistake, see comment below by Xander Henderson.] On the other hand, there have been a couple of upvotes.
Normally, when there've been no answers after a week, I would post the question on MathOverflow. But the critical comments and their upvotes make me think that perhaps this was just not a good question. I'd really appreciate any advice.
Further comments:
I agree the presentation is rambling. I struggle with this but am working on it.
"Interesting" was an unhelpful word; it was meant to save space. I'll give a hopefully less-subjective definition here, in case it doesn't improve things. Please note, I wrote the question with the interesting number paradox in mind; the template below, with integers instead of PDEs, would just give all of them.
Let $P$ be a property of PDEs; I'll characterize what I'm looking for in $P$ (there's probably multiple viable candidates, hence the soft-question tag). The idea is: $P$ should be broad enough to include the "small sliver" of PDEs which are actually studied, but also have a short mathematical characterization.
(The analogy with Reverse Mathematics is: there are weak subtheories of second-order arithmetic which are broad enough to prove the mathematical results actually used in science and engineering, but also have short characterizations; they turn out to be "natural" in the sense that many alternative candidate theories turn out to be equivalent.)
So: "actually used by scientists, engineers etc." is sufficient (but not necessary) for $P$ to hold. $P$ should also be closed under the sorts of operations used in practice to derive new PDEs from old ones, such as: placing constraints on certain variables / parameters, or the relationships between them; taking limits as they approach particular values; changing co-ordinates. Taking the closure under such operations will make $P$ not only broad but also, I hope, simple to characterize. At the same time, I would still expect it to exclude pathological examples like $u^π_{xxxx}=u^2_ye^{u_z}$.